4
- باب الصدق.
Truthfulness
قال
الله تعالى ( التوبة 119 ) : { يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله وكونوا مع الصادقين
}
وقال تعالى ( الأحزاب 35 ) : { والصادقين والصادقات }
وقال تعالى ( محمد 21
) : { فلو صدقوا الله لكان خيرا لهم }
Allah, the
Exalted, says:
"O you who
believe! Be afraid of Allah, and be with those who are true (in words and
deeds)". (9:119)
"...the men and
women who are truthful (in their speech and deeds)..". (33:35)
"...then if they
had been true to Allah, it would have been better for them". (47:21)
وأما
الأحاديث :
54
- فالأول عن ابن مسعود رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ إن الصدق
يهدي إلى البر وإن البر يهدي إلى الجنة وإن الرجل ليصدق حتى يكتب عند الله صديقا
وإن الكذب يهدي إلى الفجور وإن الفجور يهدي إلى النار وإن الرجل ليكذب حتى يكتب عند
الله كذابا ] متفق عليه.
. 54-
Abdullah bin
Mas`ud (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH)
said, "Truth leads
to piety and piety leads to Jannah. A man persists in speaking the truth till he
is enrolled with Allah as a truthful. Falsehood leads to vice and vice leads to
the Fire (Hell), and a person persists on telling lies until he is enrolled as a
liar".'
[Agreed
upon].
Commentary:
Siddiq (veracious) and Kadhdhab (liar) both are adjectives of intensive degree.
That is to say, the words stand respectively for someone whose truth has become
his second nature; and in the opposite case, one is a liar who is in the habit
of telling lies. As one acquires a reputation in this world for his good or bad
deeds similar is his position before Allah. One who is ranked among the truthful
with Him is entitled to reward, and if one is a liar, he has to suffer
retribution for it. This Hadith provides incentive for truthfulness because it
is a source of every good deed and contains a warning against lying as it gives
rise to all kinds of mischief.
55
- الثاني عن أبي محمد الحسن بن علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنهما قال حفظت من رسول
الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ دع ما يريبك إلى ما لا يريبك فإن الصدق طمأنينة
والكذب ريبة ] رواه الترمذي وقال حديث صحيح
قوله : [ يريبك ] بفتح الياء وضمها .
ومعناه : اترك ما تشك في حله واعدل إلى ما لا تشك فيه.
. 55-
Hasan bin
`Ali (May Allah be pleased with them) said: I remember (these words) from
Messenger of Allah (PBUH): "Give up what
is doubtful to you for that which is not doubtful; for truth is peace of mind
and falsehood is doubt".
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary:
This Hadith leads us to the conclusion that one must always avoid doubtful
things so that he does not do anything unlawful. This message is repeated in
another Hadith which says that he who has saved himself from doubts has in fact
saved his Faith and honour.
56
- الثالث عن أبي سفيان صخر بن حرب رضي الله عنه في حديثه الطويل في قصة هرقل قال
هرقل : فماذا يأمركم ( يعني النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم ) قال أبو سفيان : قلت يقول
[ اعبدوا الله وحده لا تشركوا به شيئا واتركوا ما يقول آباؤكم ويأمرنا بالصلاة
والصدق والعفاف والصلة ] متفق عليه.
. 56-
Abu Sufyan
(May Allah be pleased with him) reported, in course of his detailed narration
about Heraclius when the latter questioned him about the teachings of the
Prophet (PBUH) He said that: He (PBUH) told (us): "Worship Allah
Alone and do not associate a thing with Him; and give up all that your ancestors
said. "He also
commands us to perform Salat (prayers), to speak the truth, to observe modesty
and to strengthen the ties of kinship.
[Al-Bukhari
and Muslim].
Commentary:
In this Hadith an enemy of the Prophet (PBUH) acknowledges the veracity of the
Prophet's teaching, because Abu Sufyan (May Allah be pleased with him) made this
admission when he was a pagan. This Hadith is mentioned in detail in Sahih
Al-Bukhari.
57
- الرابع عن أبي ثابت . وقيل أبي سعيد . وقيل أبي الوليد سهل بن حنيف وهو بدري رضي
الله عنه أن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ من سأل الله تعالى الشهادة بصدق
بلغه الله منازل الشهداء وإن مات على فراشه ] رواه مسلم.
57. 57-
Abu Thabit
from Sahl bin Hunaif (May Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (PBUH)
said: "He who asks
Allah for martyrdom, Allah will raise him to the high status of the martyrs,
even if he dies on his bed".
[Muslim].
Commentary:
This Hadith highlights the merit and importance of sincere intention which in
fact is so great that by virtue of it Allah raises a person's status to that of
a martyr. On the contrary, persons of foul intention will be consigned to Hell
by Allah even if they die in Jihad.
58
- الخامس عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ غزا
نبي من الأنبياء صلوات الله وسلامه عليهم فقال لقومه : لا يتبعني رجل ملك بضع امرأة
وهو يريد أن يبني بها ولما يبن بها ولا أحد بنى بيوتا لم يرفع شقوفها ولا أحد اشترى
غنما أو خلفات وهو ينتظر أولادها . فغزا فدنا من القرية صلاة العصر أو قريبا من ذلك
فقال للشمس : إنك مأمورة وأنا مأمور اللهم احبسها علينا . فحبست حتى فتح الله عليه
فجمع الغنائم فجاءت ( يعني النار ) لتأكلها فلم تطعمها فقال : إن فيكم غلولا
فليبايعني من كل قبيلة رجل فلزقت يد رجل بيده فقال : فيكم الغلول فلتبايعني قبيلتك
فلزقت يد رجلين أو ثلاثة بيده فقال : فيكم الغلول . فجاءوا برأس مثل رأس بقرة من
الذهب فوضعها فجاءت النار فأكلتها . فلم تحل الغنائم لأحد قبلنا ثم أحل الله لنا
الغنائم لما رأى ضعفنا وعجزنا فأحلها لنا ] متفق عليه .
و [ الخلفات ] بفتح
الخاء المعجمة وكسر اللام : جمع خلفة وهي الناقة الحامل.
. 58-
Abu Hurairah
(May Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH)
said: "One of the
earlier Prophets who was out on an expedition proclaimed among his people that
no man should follow him who had married a woman with whom he wished to cohabit
but had not yet done so, or who had built houses on which he had not yet put the
roofs, or who had bought sheep or pregnant she-camels and was expecting them to
produce young. He, then, went on the expedition and approached the town at the
time of the 'Asr prayer or little before it. He then told the sun that both it
and he were under command and prayed Allah to hold it back for them, so it was
held back till Allah gave him victory. He collected the spoils and it (meaning
fire) came to devour these, but did not. He said that among the people there was
a man who stole from the booty. He told them that a man from every tribe must
swear allegiance to him, and when a man's hand stuck to his, he
said: "There is
thief among you and every individual of your tribe must swear allegiance to
me". (In course of
swearing of allegiance,) hands of two or three persons stuck to his hand. He
said: "The thief is
among you". They brought
him a head of gold like a cow's head and when he laid it down, the fire came and
devoured the spoils. Spoils were not allowed to anyone before us, then Allah
allowed spoils to us as He saw our weakness and incapacity and allowed them to
us".
[Al-Bukhari
and Muslim].
Commentary:
1. In the
opinion of Imam As-Suyuti, the Prophet (PBUH) referred to in this Hadith was
Prophet Yusha` bin Nun (Joshua). His conduct shows that it is necessary to make
suitable arrangements for the worldly needs of those who are engaged in the
Cause of Allah so that they can concentrate on their struggle without any
distraction.
2. The
lawfulness of the booty of war fought in the way of Allah is a specialty of the
Muslim Ummah. Before the advent of Islam (the Shar'iah of Prophet Muhammad
(PBUH)), the booty of war which was free from dishonesty used to be consumed by
fire. This Hadith also confirms the miracle of the Prophet Yusha' (Joshua) in
which the movement of the sun was stopped until he had conquered the
village.
59
- السادس عن أبي خالد حكيم بن حزام رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و
سلم : [ البيعان بالخيار ما لم يتفرقا فإن صدقا وبينا بورك لهما في بيعهما وإن كتما
وكذبا محقت بركة بيعهما ] متفق عليه.
59. 59-
Hakim bin
Hizam (May Allah be pleased with him) reported that: Messenger of Allah (PBUH)
said: "Both parties
in a business transaction have a right to annul it so long as they have not
separated; and if they tell the truth and make everything clear to each other
(i.e., the seller and the buyer speak the truth, the seller with regard to what
is purchased, and the buyer with regard to the money) they will be blessed in
their transaction, but if they conceal anything and lie, the blessing on their
transaction will be eliminated.''
[Al-Bukhari
and Muslim].
Commentary:
Here, the two persons engaged in business are seller and buyer. The word 'right'
here means that so far both of them are present at the spot where business is
being transacted they have a right to cancel their bargain. In other words, even
after the mutual acceptance of the terms of the bargain so long as they are
present at the spot they are entitled to cancel the deal until the time they
separate from each other. Generally, people do not think it permissible to
cancel the bargain after it has been settled even though both parties are
present there, but this is not correct. Their view is contradicted by the
Hadith.Truthfulness is a means of blessings in the business while falsehood and
hiding of any defect of the merchandise detract from its
blessings.
5
- باب المراقبة
Watchfulness
قال
الله تعالى ( الشعراء 219 ، 220 ) : { الذي يراك حين تقوم وتقلبك في الساجدين
}
وقال تعالى ( الحديد 4 ) : { وهو معكم أينما كنتم }
وقال تعالى ( آل عمران
6 ) : { إن الله لا يخفى عليه شيء في الأرض ولا في السماء }
وقال تعالى ( الفجر
14 ) : { إن ربك لبالمرصاد }
وقال تعالى ( غافر 19 ) : { يعلم خائنة الأعين وما
تخفي الصدور }
والآيات في الباب كثيرة معلومة
Allah, the
Exalted, says:
"Who sees you
(O Muhammad (PBUH)) when you stand up (alone at night for Tahajjud prayers). And
your movements among those who fall prostrate (to Allah in the five compulsory
congregational prayers)". (26:218,219)
"And He is
with you (by His Knowledge) wheresoever you may be". (57:4)
"Truly,
nothing is hidden from Allah, in the earth or in the heaven". (3:5)
"Verily, your
Rubb is Ever Watchful (over them)". (89:14)
"Allah knows
the fraud of the eyes, and all that the breasts conceal". (40:19)
60
- وأما الأحاديث فالأول عن عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه قال : بينما نحن عند رسول
الله صلى الله عليه و سلم ذات يوم إذ طلع علينا رجل شديد بياض الثياب شديد سواد
الشعر لا يرى عليه أثر السفر ولا يعرفه منا أحد حتى جلس إلى النبي صلى الله عليه و
سلم فأسند ركبتيه إلى ركبتيه ووضع كفيه على فخذيه وقال : يا محمد أخبرني عن الإسلام
؟ فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ الإسلام أن تشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأن
محمدا رسول الله وتقيم الصلاة وتؤتي الزكاة وتصوم رمضان وتحج البيت إن استطعت إليه
سبيلا ] قال صدقت . فعجبنا له يسأله ويصدقه قال : فأخبرني عن الإيمان ؟ قال : [ أن
تؤمن بالله وملائكته وكتبه ورسله واليوم الآخر وتؤمن بالقدر خيره وشره ] قال صدقت .
قال : فأخبرني عن الإحسان ؟ قال : [ أن تعبد الله كأنك تراه فإن لم تكن تراه فإنه
يراك ] قال : فأخبرني عن الساعة ؟ قال : [ ما المسئول عنها بأعلم من السائل ] قال :
فأخبرني عن أماراتها ؟ قال : [ أن تلد الأمة ربتها وأن ترى الحفاة العراة العالة
رعاء الشاء يتطاولون في البنيان ] ثم انطلق فلبثت مليا ثم قال : [ يا عمر أتدري من
السائل ؟ ] قلت : الله ورسوله أعلم . قال : [ فإنه جبريل أتاكم يعلمكم دينكم ] رواه
مسلم
ومعنى [ تلد الأمة ربتها ] : أي سيدتها . ومعناه : أن تكثر السراري حتى تلد
الأمة السرية بنتا لسيدها وبنت السيد في معنى السيد . وقيل غير ذلك
و [ العالة ]
: الفقراء
وقوله [ مليا ] أي زمانا طويلا وكان ذلك
ثلاثا.
. ' 60-
Umar bin
Al-Khattab (May Allah be pleased with them) said: Once we were sitting in the
company of Messenger of Allah (PBUH) when there appeared a man dressed in very
white clothes and having extraordinary black hair. No signs of fatigue of
journey appeared on him and he was known to none of us. He sat down facing the
Prophet (PBUH) leaning his knees against the knees of the Prophet (PBUH) and
placing both of his palms over his two thighs and said, "O Muhammad
(PBUH)! Tell me about Islam". He
(PBUH)replied, "Islam is to
testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah, and that Muhammad
(PBUH) is the Messenger of Allah; that you observe Salat (prayers), pay Zakat,
observe Saum (fasting) of Ramadan and perform Hajj (pilgrimage) of the House,
provided you have resources of making journey to it.'' He
replied: "You have
spoken the truth". We were
surprised to see that he had asked him and confirmed the correctness of the
answers. He then enquired: "Tell me about
Iman". He (PBUH)
said. "It is to
believe in Allah, and His Books, and His Messengers and the Last Day and that
you believe in foreordainment, its bad and good consequences.'' He
said, "You have
spoken the truth.'' He then enquired: "Tell me about
Ihsan.'' He (PBUH) said, "It is to
worship Allah as if you are seeing Him; and although you do not see Him, He sees
you". He
enquired: "Inform me
about the Hour (i.e., the Day of Resurrection)". He (PBUH)
replied, "I have no
more knowledge thereof than you". He
said, "Inform me
about some of its signs". He (PBUH)
said, "They are -
that a bondswoman gives birth to her own master, and that you will find the
barefooted, naked, poor shepherds competing one another in the construction of
higher buildings". Then he
departed. The Messenger of Allah kept silent for a while then he said to
me, "O `Umar! Do
you know who the questioner was?'' I replied, "Allah and His
Messenger know better". The Prophet
(PBUH) said, "He was Jibril
(Gabriel); he came to you to teach you your religion".
[Muslim].
Commentary:
This Hadith is known as 'Hadith Jibril'. It mentions the basics of Islam the
details of which are known to every Muslim. Al-Qadr (Divine foreordainment)
means that Allah already knows and had recorded everything that will happen
until the Day of Resurrection. Now whatever happens is in accordance with that
knowledge and writing.
What is meant by its good and bad consequences can be illustrated by saying that
tranquillity, prosperity and abundance of crops come in the category of good
consequences. Famine, calamities and troubles, etc., fall in the list as evil
consequences. But we regard them good or bad according to our own understanding;
otherwise, every action of Allah has some wisdom and expedience which are known
to Him Alone.
61
- الثاني عن أبي ذر جندب بن جنادة وأبي عبد الرحمن معاذ بن جبل رضي الله عنهما عن
رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ اتق الله حيثما كنت وأتبع السيئة الحسنة
تمحها وخالق الناس بخلق حسن ] رواه الترمذي وقال حديث
حسن.
. 61-
Abu Dharr and
Mu`adh bin Jabal (May Allah be pleased with them) reported that: Messenger of
Allah (PBUH) said, "Fear Allah
wherever you are, do good deeds after doing bad ones, the former will wipe out
the latter, and behave decently towards people".
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary:
Virtue obliterates vice means that virtue becomes an atonement for sin. But this
applies to minor sins only because major ones will not be forgiven without
sincere repentance. Similar is the case of encroachment on public rights which
will not be forgiven without their compensation.
62
- الثالث عن ابن عباس رسول الله قال : كنت خلف النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم يوما فقال
: [ يا غلام إني أعلمك كلمات : احفظ الله يحفظك احفظ الله تجده تجاهك إذا سألت فسأل
الله وإذا استعنت فاستعن بالله واعلم أن الأمة لو اجتمعت على أن ينفعوك بشيء لم
ينفعوك إلا بشيء قد كتبه الله لك وإن اجتمعوا على أن يضروك بشيء لم يضروك إلا بشيء
قد كتبه الله عليك رفعت الأقلام وجفت الصحف ] رواه الترمذي وقال حديث حسن
صحيح
وفي رواية غير الترمذي : [ احفظ الله تجده أمامك تعرف إلى الله في الرخاء
يعرفك في الشدة واعلم أن ما أخطأك لم يكن ليصيبك وما أصابك لم يكن ليخطئك واعلم أن
النصر مع الصبر وأن الفرج مع الكرب وأن مع العسر يسرا ].
62-
Ibn Abbas
(May Allah be pleased with them) said: One day, I was riding behind the Prophet
(PBUH) when he said, "O boy! I will
instruct you in some matters. Be watchful of Allah (Commandments of Allah), He
will preserve you. Safeguard His Rights, He will be ever with you. If you beg,
beg of Him Alone; and if you need assistance, supplicate to Allah Alone for
help. And remember that if all the people gather to benefit you, they will not
be able to benefit you except that which Allah had foreordained (for you); and
if all of them gather to do harm to you, they will not be able to afflict you
with anything other than that which Allah had pre-destined against you. The pens
had been lifted and the ink had dried up".
[At-Tirmidhi].
Another
narration is: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "Safeguard the
Commandments of Allah, you will find Him before you. Remember Him in prosperity
and He will remember you in adversity. Be sure that which you miss, was not to
hit you; and what hits you, was never to miss you. Remember that the Help of
Allah is obtained with patience, and relief emerges after distress, prosperity
follows adversity, and hardship is followed by ease".
Commentary:
1. No one has
the power to change the Decision of Allah.
2. Whatever
trouble one has to suffer in this world, it does not last for ever. Every
trouble is followed by prosperity, pleasure and happiness.
3. One should
never ask other than Allah anyone's help in supernatural way because it amounts
to ascribing partnership with Allah. If a person is mindful of the Rights of
Allah, then Allah, in return takes care of his needs and helps
him.
- باب الصدق.
Truthfulness
قال
الله تعالى ( التوبة 119 ) : { يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله وكونوا مع الصادقين
}
وقال تعالى ( الأحزاب 35 ) : { والصادقين والصادقات }
وقال تعالى ( محمد 21
) : { فلو صدقوا الله لكان خيرا لهم }
Allah, the
Exalted, says:
"O you who
believe! Be afraid of Allah, and be with those who are true (in words and
deeds)". (9:119)
"...the men and
women who are truthful (in their speech and deeds)..". (33:35)
"...then if they
had been true to Allah, it would have been better for them". (47:21)
وأما
الأحاديث :
54
- فالأول عن ابن مسعود رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ إن الصدق
يهدي إلى البر وإن البر يهدي إلى الجنة وإن الرجل ليصدق حتى يكتب عند الله صديقا
وإن الكذب يهدي إلى الفجور وإن الفجور يهدي إلى النار وإن الرجل ليكذب حتى يكتب عند
الله كذابا ] متفق عليه.
. 54-
Abdullah bin
Mas`ud (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH)
said, "Truth leads
to piety and piety leads to Jannah. A man persists in speaking the truth till he
is enrolled with Allah as a truthful. Falsehood leads to vice and vice leads to
the Fire (Hell), and a person persists on telling lies until he is enrolled as a
liar".'
[Agreed
upon].
Commentary:
Siddiq (veracious) and Kadhdhab (liar) both are adjectives of intensive degree.
That is to say, the words stand respectively for someone whose truth has become
his second nature; and in the opposite case, one is a liar who is in the habit
of telling lies. As one acquires a reputation in this world for his good or bad
deeds similar is his position before Allah. One who is ranked among the truthful
with Him is entitled to reward, and if one is a liar, he has to suffer
retribution for it. This Hadith provides incentive for truthfulness because it
is a source of every good deed and contains a warning against lying as it gives
rise to all kinds of mischief.
55
- الثاني عن أبي محمد الحسن بن علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنهما قال حفظت من رسول
الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ دع ما يريبك إلى ما لا يريبك فإن الصدق طمأنينة
والكذب ريبة ] رواه الترمذي وقال حديث صحيح
قوله : [ يريبك ] بفتح الياء وضمها .
ومعناه : اترك ما تشك في حله واعدل إلى ما لا تشك فيه.
. 55-
Hasan bin
`Ali (May Allah be pleased with them) said: I remember (these words) from
Messenger of Allah (PBUH): "Give up what
is doubtful to you for that which is not doubtful; for truth is peace of mind
and falsehood is doubt".
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary:
This Hadith leads us to the conclusion that one must always avoid doubtful
things so that he does not do anything unlawful. This message is repeated in
another Hadith which says that he who has saved himself from doubts has in fact
saved his Faith and honour.
56
- الثالث عن أبي سفيان صخر بن حرب رضي الله عنه في حديثه الطويل في قصة هرقل قال
هرقل : فماذا يأمركم ( يعني النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم ) قال أبو سفيان : قلت يقول
[ اعبدوا الله وحده لا تشركوا به شيئا واتركوا ما يقول آباؤكم ويأمرنا بالصلاة
والصدق والعفاف والصلة ] متفق عليه.
. 56-
Abu Sufyan
(May Allah be pleased with him) reported, in course of his detailed narration
about Heraclius when the latter questioned him about the teachings of the
Prophet (PBUH) He said that: He (PBUH) told (us): "Worship Allah
Alone and do not associate a thing with Him; and give up all that your ancestors
said. "He also
commands us to perform Salat (prayers), to speak the truth, to observe modesty
and to strengthen the ties of kinship.
[Al-Bukhari
and Muslim].
Commentary:
In this Hadith an enemy of the Prophet (PBUH) acknowledges the veracity of the
Prophet's teaching, because Abu Sufyan (May Allah be pleased with him) made this
admission when he was a pagan. This Hadith is mentioned in detail in Sahih
Al-Bukhari.
57
- الرابع عن أبي ثابت . وقيل أبي سعيد . وقيل أبي الوليد سهل بن حنيف وهو بدري رضي
الله عنه أن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ من سأل الله تعالى الشهادة بصدق
بلغه الله منازل الشهداء وإن مات على فراشه ] رواه مسلم.
57. 57-
Abu Thabit
from Sahl bin Hunaif (May Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (PBUH)
said: "He who asks
Allah for martyrdom, Allah will raise him to the high status of the martyrs,
even if he dies on his bed".
[Muslim].
Commentary:
This Hadith highlights the merit and importance of sincere intention which in
fact is so great that by virtue of it Allah raises a person's status to that of
a martyr. On the contrary, persons of foul intention will be consigned to Hell
by Allah even if they die in Jihad.
58
- الخامس عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ غزا
نبي من الأنبياء صلوات الله وسلامه عليهم فقال لقومه : لا يتبعني رجل ملك بضع امرأة
وهو يريد أن يبني بها ولما يبن بها ولا أحد بنى بيوتا لم يرفع شقوفها ولا أحد اشترى
غنما أو خلفات وهو ينتظر أولادها . فغزا فدنا من القرية صلاة العصر أو قريبا من ذلك
فقال للشمس : إنك مأمورة وأنا مأمور اللهم احبسها علينا . فحبست حتى فتح الله عليه
فجمع الغنائم فجاءت ( يعني النار ) لتأكلها فلم تطعمها فقال : إن فيكم غلولا
فليبايعني من كل قبيلة رجل فلزقت يد رجل بيده فقال : فيكم الغلول فلتبايعني قبيلتك
فلزقت يد رجلين أو ثلاثة بيده فقال : فيكم الغلول . فجاءوا برأس مثل رأس بقرة من
الذهب فوضعها فجاءت النار فأكلتها . فلم تحل الغنائم لأحد قبلنا ثم أحل الله لنا
الغنائم لما رأى ضعفنا وعجزنا فأحلها لنا ] متفق عليه .
و [ الخلفات ] بفتح
الخاء المعجمة وكسر اللام : جمع خلفة وهي الناقة الحامل.
. 58-
Abu Hurairah
(May Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH)
said: "One of the
earlier Prophets who was out on an expedition proclaimed among his people that
no man should follow him who had married a woman with whom he wished to cohabit
but had not yet done so, or who had built houses on which he had not yet put the
roofs, or who had bought sheep or pregnant she-camels and was expecting them to
produce young. He, then, went on the expedition and approached the town at the
time of the 'Asr prayer or little before it. He then told the sun that both it
and he were under command and prayed Allah to hold it back for them, so it was
held back till Allah gave him victory. He collected the spoils and it (meaning
fire) came to devour these, but did not. He said that among the people there was
a man who stole from the booty. He told them that a man from every tribe must
swear allegiance to him, and when a man's hand stuck to his, he
said: "There is
thief among you and every individual of your tribe must swear allegiance to
me". (In course of
swearing of allegiance,) hands of two or three persons stuck to his hand. He
said: "The thief is
among you". They brought
him a head of gold like a cow's head and when he laid it down, the fire came and
devoured the spoils. Spoils were not allowed to anyone before us, then Allah
allowed spoils to us as He saw our weakness and incapacity and allowed them to
us".
[Al-Bukhari
and Muslim].
Commentary:
1. In the
opinion of Imam As-Suyuti, the Prophet (PBUH) referred to in this Hadith was
Prophet Yusha` bin Nun (Joshua). His conduct shows that it is necessary to make
suitable arrangements for the worldly needs of those who are engaged in the
Cause of Allah so that they can concentrate on their struggle without any
distraction.
2. The
lawfulness of the booty of war fought in the way of Allah is a specialty of the
Muslim Ummah. Before the advent of Islam (the Shar'iah of Prophet Muhammad
(PBUH)), the booty of war which was free from dishonesty used to be consumed by
fire. This Hadith also confirms the miracle of the Prophet Yusha' (Joshua) in
which the movement of the sun was stopped until he had conquered the
village.
59
- السادس عن أبي خالد حكيم بن حزام رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و
سلم : [ البيعان بالخيار ما لم يتفرقا فإن صدقا وبينا بورك لهما في بيعهما وإن كتما
وكذبا محقت بركة بيعهما ] متفق عليه.
59. 59-
Hakim bin
Hizam (May Allah be pleased with him) reported that: Messenger of Allah (PBUH)
said: "Both parties
in a business transaction have a right to annul it so long as they have not
separated; and if they tell the truth and make everything clear to each other
(i.e., the seller and the buyer speak the truth, the seller with regard to what
is purchased, and the buyer with regard to the money) they will be blessed in
their transaction, but if they conceal anything and lie, the blessing on their
transaction will be eliminated.''
[Al-Bukhari
and Muslim].
Commentary:
Here, the two persons engaged in business are seller and buyer. The word 'right'
here means that so far both of them are present at the spot where business is
being transacted they have a right to cancel their bargain. In other words, even
after the mutual acceptance of the terms of the bargain so long as they are
present at the spot they are entitled to cancel the deal until the time they
separate from each other. Generally, people do not think it permissible to
cancel the bargain after it has been settled even though both parties are
present there, but this is not correct. Their view is contradicted by the
Hadith.Truthfulness is a means of blessings in the business while falsehood and
hiding of any defect of the merchandise detract from its
blessings.
5
- باب المراقبة
Watchfulness
قال
الله تعالى ( الشعراء 219 ، 220 ) : { الذي يراك حين تقوم وتقلبك في الساجدين
}
وقال تعالى ( الحديد 4 ) : { وهو معكم أينما كنتم }
وقال تعالى ( آل عمران
6 ) : { إن الله لا يخفى عليه شيء في الأرض ولا في السماء }
وقال تعالى ( الفجر
14 ) : { إن ربك لبالمرصاد }
وقال تعالى ( غافر 19 ) : { يعلم خائنة الأعين وما
تخفي الصدور }
والآيات في الباب كثيرة معلومة
Allah, the
Exalted, says:
"Who sees you
(O Muhammad (PBUH)) when you stand up (alone at night for Tahajjud prayers). And
your movements among those who fall prostrate (to Allah in the five compulsory
congregational prayers)". (26:218,219)
"And He is
with you (by His Knowledge) wheresoever you may be". (57:4)
"Truly,
nothing is hidden from Allah, in the earth or in the heaven". (3:5)
"Verily, your
Rubb is Ever Watchful (over them)". (89:14)
"Allah knows
the fraud of the eyes, and all that the breasts conceal". (40:19)
60
- وأما الأحاديث فالأول عن عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه قال : بينما نحن عند رسول
الله صلى الله عليه و سلم ذات يوم إذ طلع علينا رجل شديد بياض الثياب شديد سواد
الشعر لا يرى عليه أثر السفر ولا يعرفه منا أحد حتى جلس إلى النبي صلى الله عليه و
سلم فأسند ركبتيه إلى ركبتيه ووضع كفيه على فخذيه وقال : يا محمد أخبرني عن الإسلام
؟ فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ الإسلام أن تشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأن
محمدا رسول الله وتقيم الصلاة وتؤتي الزكاة وتصوم رمضان وتحج البيت إن استطعت إليه
سبيلا ] قال صدقت . فعجبنا له يسأله ويصدقه قال : فأخبرني عن الإيمان ؟ قال : [ أن
تؤمن بالله وملائكته وكتبه ورسله واليوم الآخر وتؤمن بالقدر خيره وشره ] قال صدقت .
قال : فأخبرني عن الإحسان ؟ قال : [ أن تعبد الله كأنك تراه فإن لم تكن تراه فإنه
يراك ] قال : فأخبرني عن الساعة ؟ قال : [ ما المسئول عنها بأعلم من السائل ] قال :
فأخبرني عن أماراتها ؟ قال : [ أن تلد الأمة ربتها وأن ترى الحفاة العراة العالة
رعاء الشاء يتطاولون في البنيان ] ثم انطلق فلبثت مليا ثم قال : [ يا عمر أتدري من
السائل ؟ ] قلت : الله ورسوله أعلم . قال : [ فإنه جبريل أتاكم يعلمكم دينكم ] رواه
مسلم
ومعنى [ تلد الأمة ربتها ] : أي سيدتها . ومعناه : أن تكثر السراري حتى تلد
الأمة السرية بنتا لسيدها وبنت السيد في معنى السيد . وقيل غير ذلك
و [ العالة ]
: الفقراء
وقوله [ مليا ] أي زمانا طويلا وكان ذلك
ثلاثا.
. ' 60-
Umar bin
Al-Khattab (May Allah be pleased with them) said: Once we were sitting in the
company of Messenger of Allah (PBUH) when there appeared a man dressed in very
white clothes and having extraordinary black hair. No signs of fatigue of
journey appeared on him and he was known to none of us. He sat down facing the
Prophet (PBUH) leaning his knees against the knees of the Prophet (PBUH) and
placing both of his palms over his two thighs and said, "O Muhammad
(PBUH)! Tell me about Islam". He
(PBUH)replied, "Islam is to
testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah, and that Muhammad
(PBUH) is the Messenger of Allah; that you observe Salat (prayers), pay Zakat,
observe Saum (fasting) of Ramadan and perform Hajj (pilgrimage) of the House,
provided you have resources of making journey to it.'' He
replied: "You have
spoken the truth". We were
surprised to see that he had asked him and confirmed the correctness of the
answers. He then enquired: "Tell me about
Iman". He (PBUH)
said. "It is to
believe in Allah, and His Books, and His Messengers and the Last Day and that
you believe in foreordainment, its bad and good consequences.'' He
said, "You have
spoken the truth.'' He then enquired: "Tell me about
Ihsan.'' He (PBUH) said, "It is to
worship Allah as if you are seeing Him; and although you do not see Him, He sees
you". He
enquired: "Inform me
about the Hour (i.e., the Day of Resurrection)". He (PBUH)
replied, "I have no
more knowledge thereof than you". He
said, "Inform me
about some of its signs". He (PBUH)
said, "They are -
that a bondswoman gives birth to her own master, and that you will find the
barefooted, naked, poor shepherds competing one another in the construction of
higher buildings". Then he
departed. The Messenger of Allah kept silent for a while then he said to
me, "O `Umar! Do
you know who the questioner was?'' I replied, "Allah and His
Messenger know better". The Prophet
(PBUH) said, "He was Jibril
(Gabriel); he came to you to teach you your religion".
[Muslim].
Commentary:
This Hadith is known as 'Hadith Jibril'. It mentions the basics of Islam the
details of which are known to every Muslim. Al-Qadr (Divine foreordainment)
means that Allah already knows and had recorded everything that will happen
until the Day of Resurrection. Now whatever happens is in accordance with that
knowledge and writing.
What is meant by its good and bad consequences can be illustrated by saying that
tranquillity, prosperity and abundance of crops come in the category of good
consequences. Famine, calamities and troubles, etc., fall in the list as evil
consequences. But we regard them good or bad according to our own understanding;
otherwise, every action of Allah has some wisdom and expedience which are known
to Him Alone.
61
- الثاني عن أبي ذر جندب بن جنادة وأبي عبد الرحمن معاذ بن جبل رضي الله عنهما عن
رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ اتق الله حيثما كنت وأتبع السيئة الحسنة
تمحها وخالق الناس بخلق حسن ] رواه الترمذي وقال حديث
حسن.
. 61-
Abu Dharr and
Mu`adh bin Jabal (May Allah be pleased with them) reported that: Messenger of
Allah (PBUH) said, "Fear Allah
wherever you are, do good deeds after doing bad ones, the former will wipe out
the latter, and behave decently towards people".
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary:
Virtue obliterates vice means that virtue becomes an atonement for sin. But this
applies to minor sins only because major ones will not be forgiven without
sincere repentance. Similar is the case of encroachment on public rights which
will not be forgiven without their compensation.
62
- الثالث عن ابن عباس رسول الله قال : كنت خلف النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم يوما فقال
: [ يا غلام إني أعلمك كلمات : احفظ الله يحفظك احفظ الله تجده تجاهك إذا سألت فسأل
الله وإذا استعنت فاستعن بالله واعلم أن الأمة لو اجتمعت على أن ينفعوك بشيء لم
ينفعوك إلا بشيء قد كتبه الله لك وإن اجتمعوا على أن يضروك بشيء لم يضروك إلا بشيء
قد كتبه الله عليك رفعت الأقلام وجفت الصحف ] رواه الترمذي وقال حديث حسن
صحيح
وفي رواية غير الترمذي : [ احفظ الله تجده أمامك تعرف إلى الله في الرخاء
يعرفك في الشدة واعلم أن ما أخطأك لم يكن ليصيبك وما أصابك لم يكن ليخطئك واعلم أن
النصر مع الصبر وأن الفرج مع الكرب وأن مع العسر يسرا ].
62-
Ibn Abbas
(May Allah be pleased with them) said: One day, I was riding behind the Prophet
(PBUH) when he said, "O boy! I will
instruct you in some matters. Be watchful of Allah (Commandments of Allah), He
will preserve you. Safeguard His Rights, He will be ever with you. If you beg,
beg of Him Alone; and if you need assistance, supplicate to Allah Alone for
help. And remember that if all the people gather to benefit you, they will not
be able to benefit you except that which Allah had foreordained (for you); and
if all of them gather to do harm to you, they will not be able to afflict you
with anything other than that which Allah had pre-destined against you. The pens
had been lifted and the ink had dried up".
[At-Tirmidhi].
Another
narration is: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "Safeguard the
Commandments of Allah, you will find Him before you. Remember Him in prosperity
and He will remember you in adversity. Be sure that which you miss, was not to
hit you; and what hits you, was never to miss you. Remember that the Help of
Allah is obtained with patience, and relief emerges after distress, prosperity
follows adversity, and hardship is followed by ease".
Commentary:
1. No one has
the power to change the Decision of Allah.
2. Whatever
trouble one has to suffer in this world, it does not last for ever. Every
trouble is followed by prosperity, pleasure and happiness.
3. One should
never ask other than Allah anyone's help in supernatural way because it amounts
to ascribing partnership with Allah. If a person is mindful of the Rights of
Allah, then Allah, in return takes care of his needs and helps
him.
