6
- باب التقوى.
Piety
قال
الله تعالى ( آل عمران 102 ) : { يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله حق تقاته
}
وقال تعالى ( التغابن 16 ) : { فاتقوا الله ما استطعتم }
وهذه الآية مبينة
للمراد من الأولى
وقال الله تعالى ( الأحزاب 70 ) : { يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا
الله وقولوا قولا سديدا }
والآيات في الأمر بالتقوى كثيرة معروفة
وقال تعالى
( الطلاق 2 ، 3 ) : { ومن يتق الله يجعل له مخرجا ويرزقه من حيث لا يحتسب }
وقال
تعالى ( الأنفال 29 ) : { إن تتقوا الله يجعل لكم فرقانا ويكفر عنكم سيئاتكم .
ويغفر لكم والله ذو الفضل العظيم }
والآيات في الباب كثيرة
معلومة.
Allah, the
Exalted, says:
"O you who
believe! Fear Allah as He should be feared". (3:102)
"So, keep your
duty to Allah and fear Him as much as you can...'' (64:16)
This second
Verse explains the meaning of the first one.
"O you who
believe! Keep your duty to Allah and fear Him, and speak (always) the
truth". (33:70)
"... And whosoever
fears Allah and keeps his duty to Him, He will make a way for him to get out
(from every difficulty). And He will provide him from (sources) he never could
imagine...'' (65:2,3)
"If you obey
and fear Allah, He will grant you Furqan [(a criterion to judge between right
and wrong), or (Makhraj, i.e., a way for you to get out from every difficulty)],
and will expiate for you your sins, and forgive you; and Allah is the Owner of
the great bounty". (8:29)
69
- وأما الأحاديث : فالأول عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال قيل : يا رسول الله من
أكرم الناس ؟ قال : [ أتقاهم ] فقالوا : ليس عن هذا نسألك . قال : [ فيوسف نبي الله
بن نبي الله بن نبي الله بن خليل الله ] قالوا : ليس عن هذا نسألك . قال : [ فعن
معادن العرب تسألوني ؟ خيارهم في الجاهلية خيارهم في الإسلام إذا فقهوا ] متفق
عليه
و [ فقهوا ] بضم القاف على المشهور وحكي كسرها : أي علموا أحكام
الشرع.
. 69-
Abu Hurairah
(May Allah be pleased with him) reported: It was asked, "O Messenger
of Allah! Who is the most honourable amongst mankind?'' He (PBUH)
said, "The most
honourable of them is one who is the most pious of them.'' They
said, "We are not
asking about this". He
said, "Then, the
most honourable of men was Yusuf (Joseph), the Prophet of Allah, the son of
Allah's Prophet, who was the son of the Prophet of Allah, who was the son of the
Khalil of Allah (i.e., Ibrahim (PBUH))' They said, "We are not
asking you about this.'' He enquired, "Are you then
asking me about the classes of the Arabs? The best of them in the Pre-Islamic
Period of Ignorance are the best of them in Islam, provided they comprehend the
religious knowledge".
[Al-Bukhari
and Muslim].
Commentary:
We come to know from this Hadith that the families which enjoyed popularity and
prestige for their eminent qualities (like generosity, chivalry, honesty, etc.)
in the pre-Islamic period were also credited for these values after their
acceptance of Islam. But now their respect was qualified with their religious
knowledge and practice. Their capabilities, self-respect and other qualities
were turned towards a different direction. These qualities which were previously
used for paganism were now devoted for Islam.
70
- الثاني عن أبي سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [
إن
الدنيا حلوة خضرة وإن الله مستخلفكم فيها فينظر كيف تعملون فاتقوا الدنيا
واتقوا النساء فإن أول فتنة بني إسرائيل كانت في النساء ] رواه
مسلم.
. 70-
Abu Sa`id
Al-Khudri (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH)
said, "The life of
the world is sweet and green. Allah makes you generations succeeding one another
so that He may try you in respect of your actions. So beware of the beguilements
of the world and those of women. The first trial of Banu Israel was
through women".
[Muslim].
Commentary:
Wealth and property of this world are favourites of everyone like the fresh
fruit which is sweet, delicious and attractive for all. Everyone likes them and
is attracted towards them. The most delicious fruit of this world is woman but
at the same time it is the most baneful. One who inclines towards wealth and
women and ignores the Islamic legal injunctions, has at stake both his Deen and
Faith; and one who benefits from them keeping oneself within the bounds of
Islam, would be safe from their ruinous effects.
71
- الثالث عن ابن مسعود رضي الله عنه أن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم كان يقول : [
اللهم إني أسألك الهدى والتقى والعفاف والغنى ] رواه
مسلم.
. `71-
Abdullah bin
Mas`ud (May Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (PBUH) used to
say: "Allahumma
inni as'alukal-huda wat-tuqa wal-`afafa wal-ghina (O Allah! I ask You for
guidance, piety, chastity and self-sufficiency)".
[Muslim].
Commentary:
This Hadith contains four words, the meanings and implications of which
constitute its essence. These words are guidance, piety (fear of Allah),
chastity and sufficiency. Guidance here means guidance at every turn of life and
steadfastness on the path of truth. Fear of Allah is the greatest means of piety
and strongest defense against sins. Chastity is the state of being free from
what is unlawful. Self-sufficiency is the antonym of poverty and here it means
the self-contentment. What it implies is that one should not care for what
people possess. In view of all these qualities, the prayer of the Prophet (PBUH)
mentioned in this Hadith is very comprehensive and valuable.
72
- الرابع عن أبي طريف عدي بن حاتم الطائي رضي الله عنه قال سمعت رسول الله صلى الله
عليه و سلم يقول : [ من حلف على يمين ثم رأى أتقى لله منها فليأت التقوى ] رواه
مسلم .
. `72-
Adi bin Hatim
At-Ta'i (May Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah
(PBUH) say: "He who has
taken an oath (to do something) but found something else better than that (which
brings him closer to Allah), then he should do that which is better in piety
(and he should expiate for the breaking of oath)".
[Muslim].
Commentary:
This Hadith emphasizes the importance of having the fear of Allah. So much so
that if somebody has made a vow to commit some sin he should break it, arrange
for its expiation and keep himself away from that sin or any other act that
contravenes the fear of Allah.
73
- الخامس عن أبي أمامة صدي بن عجلان الباهلي رضي الله عنه قال سمعت رسول الله صلى
الله عليه و سلم يخطب في حجة الوداع فقال : [ اتقوا الله وصلوا خمسكم وصوموا شهركم
وأدوا زكاة أموالكم وأطيعوا أمراءكم تدخلوا جنة ربكم ] رواه الترمذي في آخر كتاب
الصلاة وقال حديث حسن صحيح.
. 73-
Abu Umamah
(May Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard Messenger of Allah (PBUH) during
the sermon of the Farewell Pilgrimage saying, "Be mindful of
your duty to Allah; perform your five daily Salat, observe Saum during the month
(of Ramadan) , pay the Zakat on your properties and obey your leaders; (if you
do so) you will enter the Jannah of your Rubb".
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary:
The word Wada`, means to say farewell. The Farewell Pilgrimage was the last
pilgrimage, the Prophet (PBUH) performed, and on this occasion he bade farewell
to the people and for this reason it came to be known as Hajjat-ul-Wada`.
Obedience of the rulers is stressed but it is conditional, that is to say, they
are to be obeyed only if their orders are not against the injunctions of Allah.
Similarly, their obedience is obligatory till such time that they do not do
anything which amounts to open disbelief. If any of these two things occurs,
then no obedience would be due to them
.
7
- باب اليقين والتوكل
Firm
Belief and Perfect Reliance on Allah
قال
الله تعالى ( الأحزاب 22 ) : { ولما رأى المؤمنون الأحزاب قالوا هذا ما وعدنا الله
ورسوله وصدق الله ورسوله وما زادهم إلا إيمانا وتسليما }
وقال تعالى ( آل عمران
173 ، 174 ) : { الذين قال لهم الناس إن الناس قد جمعوا لكم فاخشوهم فزادهم إيمانا
وقالوا : حسبنا الله ونعم الوكيل . فانقلبوا بنعمة من الله وفضل لم يمسسهم سوء
واتبعوا رضوان الله والله ذو فضل عظيم }
وقال تعالى ( الفرقان 58 ) : { وتوكل
على الحي الذي لا يموت }
وقال تعالى ( إبراهيم 11 ) : { وعلى الله فليتوكل
المؤمنون }
وقال تعالى ( آل عمران 159 ) : { فإذا عزمت فتوكل على الله
}
والآيات في الأمر بالتوكل كثيرة معلومة
وقال تعالى ( الطلاق 3 ) : { ومن
يتوكل على الله فهو حسبه } : أي كافيه
وقال تعالى ( الأنفال 2 ) : { إنما
المؤمنون الذين إذا ذكر الله وجلت قلوبهم وإذا تليت عليهم آياته زادتهم إيمانا وعلى
ربهم يتوكلون }
والآيات في فضل التوكل كثيرة معروفة
Allah, the
Exalted, says:
"And when the
believers saw Al-Ahzab (the Confederates), they said: 'This is what Allah and
His Messenger (Muhammad (PBUH)) had promised us, and Allah and His Messenger
(Muhammad (PBUH)) had spoken the truth, and it only added to their Faith and to
their submissiveness (to Allah)". (33:22)
"Those (i.e.,
believers) unto whom the people (hypocrites) said, `Verily, the people (pagans)
have gathered against you (a great army), therefore, fear them.' But it (only)
increased them in Faith, and they said: `Allah (Alone) is Sufficient for us, and
He is the Best Disposer of affairs (for us)'. So they returned with grace and
bounty from Allah. No harm touched them; and they followed the good Pleasure of
Allah. And Allah is the Owner of great bounty". (3:173,174)
"And put your
trust (O Muhammad (PBUH)) in the Ever Living One Who dies not.''
(25:58)
"And in Allah
(Alone) let the believers, put their trust.'' (14:11)
"... Then when you
have taken a decision, put your trust in Allah...'' (3:159)
"And whosoever
puts his trust in Allah, then He will suffice him". (65:3)
"The believers
are only those who, when Allah is mentioned, feel a fear in their hearts; and
when His Verses (this Qur'an) are recited unto them, they (i.e., the Verses)
increase their Faith; and they put their trust in their Rubb (Alone).''
(8:2)
وأما
الأحاديث :
74
- فالأول عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وعلى آله
وسلم : [ عرضت على الأمم فرأيت النبي ومعه الرهيط والنبي ومعه الرجل والرجلان
والنبي ليس معه أحد إذ رفع لي سواد عظيم فظننت أنهم أمتي فقيل لي : هذا موسى وقومه
ولكن انظر إلى الأفق . فنظرت فإذا سواد عظيم فقيل لي : انظر إلى الأفق الآخر فإذا
سواد عظيم فقيل لي : هذه أمتك ومعهم سبعون ألفا يدخلون الجنة بغير حساب ولا عذاب .
ثم نهض فدخل منزله فخاض الناس في أولئك الذين يدخلون الجنة بغير حساب ولا عذاب .
فقال بعضهم : فلعلهم الذين صحبوا رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم وقال بعضهم :
فلعلهم الذين ولدوا في الإسلام فلم يشركوا بالله شيئا وذكروا أشياء فخرج عليهم رسول
الله صلى الله عليه و سلم فقال : [ ما الذي تخوضون فيه ؟ ] فأخبروه فقال : [ هم
الذين لا يرقون ولا يسترقون ولا يتطيرون وعلى ربهم يتوكلون ] فقام عكاشة بن محصن
فقال : ادع الله أن يجعلني منهم . فقال : [ أنت منهم ] ثم قام رجل آخر فقال : ادع
الله أن يجعلني منهم . فقال : [ سبقك بها عكاشة ] متفق عليه
[ الرهيط ] بضم
الراء : تصغير رهط : وهم دون العشرة أنفس
و [ الأفق ] : الناحية والجانب
و [
عكاشة ] بضم العين وتشديد الكاف وبتخفيفها والتشديد أفصح
74.
Ibn `Abbas
(May Allah be pleased with them) reported: Messenger of Allah (PBUH)
said, "I was shown
the past nations. I saw a Prophet who had a very small group (less than ten in
total) with him, another Prophet who was accompanied by only one or two men and
some did not have even one. Suddenly I was shown a huge crowd and I thought that
they were my Ummah, but I was told: 'This is Musa (Moses) and his people, but
look towards the other side.' I looked and beheld a great assemblage. I was
told: 'These are your people and amongst them there are seventy thousand who
shall enter Jannah without being taken to account or torment". Then the
Prophet (PBUH) stood up and went into his apartment, and the Companions began to
guess who may be those people who would enter Jannah without any accounting or
torment. Some said: "Probably,
they are the ones who kept company with Messenger of Allah (PBUH)". Others
said: "Probably,
they are the ones who have been born as Muslims and have never associated anyone
with Allah in worship". Then
Messenger of Allah (PBUH) came out and asked, "What are you
discussing?'' So they told him. He then said, "They are
those who do not make Ruqyah (blowing over themselves after reciting the Qur'an
or some prayers and supplications the Prophet (PBUH) used to say) nor seek it,
nor perceive omens (i.e., they are not pessimistic) but keep trust in their Rubb
(Allah).'' On this 'Ukashah bin Mihsan stood up and asked: "Pray to Allah
to make me one of them.'' The Prophet (PBUH) said, "You are one
of them.'' Then another man stood up and asked the same thing. The Prophet
(PBUH) answered, "'Ukashah has
surpassed you".
[Al-Bukhari
and Mulsim].
Commentary:
1. This Hadith
mentions the importance of faith in Allah, inducement for having trust in Him
and the distinction of people who have these qualities.
2. Although the
practice of blowing over someone after reciting the Qur'an or supplications of
the Prophet (PBUH) and medical treatment are permissible but they who avoid them
because of their extreme trust in Allah and save themselves from bad omen, enjoy
a distinguished position.
3. These
conditions of various communities were shown to the Prophet (PBUH) in dreams for
the dreams of the Prophets reflect the truth, or by means of Revelation, or he
had witnessed them in the event of Isra (the Night Journey) of the Prophet
(PBUH).
4. The followers
of the Prophet (PBUH) exceed the followers of other Prophets in
number.
75
- الثاني عن ابن عباس أيضا رضي الله عنهما أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم كان
يقول : [ اللهم لك أسلمت بك آمنت وعليك توكلت وإليك أنبت وبك خاصمت اللهم أعوذ
بعزتك لا إله إلا أنت أن تضلني أنت الحي الذي لا تموت والجن الإنس يموتون ] متفق
عليه . وهذا لفظ مسلم واختصره البخاري
75.
Ibn `Abbas
(May Allah be pleased with them) reported that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH)
used to supplicate: "O Allah! To
You I have submitted, and in You do I believe, and in You I put my trust, to You
do I turn, and for You I argued. O Allah, I seek refuge with You through Your
Power; there is none worthy of worship except You Alone; that You safeguard me
against going astray. You are the Ever Living, the One Who sustains and protects
all that exists; the One Who never dies, whereas human beings and jinn will all
die".
[Al-Bukhari
and Muslim].
76
- الثالث عن ابن عباس أيضا رضي الله عنه قال : [ حسبنا الله ونعم الوكيل قالها
إبراهيم عليه السلام حين ألقي في النار وقالها محمد صلى الله عليه و سلم حين قالوا
: إن الناس قد جمعوا لكم فاخشوهم فزادهم إيمانا وقالوا حسبنا الله ونعم الوكيل ]
رواه البخاري
وفي رواية له عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال : [ كان آخر قول
إبراهيم صلى الله عليه و سلم حين ألقي في النار [ حسبي الله ونعم الوكيل
]
76.
Ibn `Abbas
(May Allah be pleased with them) said: When (Prophet) Ibrahim (Abraham) was
thrown into the fire, he said: "Allah (Alone)
is sufficient for us, and, He is the Best Disposer of affairs.'' So did
Messenger of Allah Muhammad (PBUH) when he was told: "A great army
of the pagans had gathered against him, so fear them". But this
(warning) only increased him and the Muslims in Faith and they
said: "Allah (Alone)
is sufficient for us, and He is the Best Disposer of affairs (for
us)".
[Al-Bukhari].
Commentary:
Even in the worst circumstances one should always have faith and trust in
Allah.
77
- الرابع عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ يدخل
الجنة أقوام أفئدتهم مثل أفئدة الطير ] رواه مسلم
قيل معناه : متوكلون . وقيل :
قلوبهم رقيقة
77.
Abu Hurairah
(May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH)
said, "A group of
people (both men and women) whose hearts will be like the hearts of birds, will
enter Jannah".
[Muslim].
It has been
interpreted that such people are those who put their trust in Allah; another
interpretation is that these people are tender-hearted.
Commentary:
1. Excellence of
trust in Allah and kindness of heart are most valuable qualities because both of
them are means to enter Jannah.
2. One should
not worry much about one's food and means of subsistence. In fact, people should
have the heart like birds who do not collect to keep in reserve anything and go
out every morning in search of food and return to their nests fully satiated.
This advice is repeated in another Hadith to the effect that when birds leave
their nests in the morning they are hungry but when they come back, their
stomachs are full and they do not need any more food.
78
- الخامس عن جابر رضي الله عنه أنه غزا مع النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قبل نجد فلما
قفل رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم قفل معهم فأدركتهم القائلة في واد كثير العضاه
فنزل رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم وتفرق الناس يستظلون بالشجر ونزل رسول الله صلى
الله عليه و سلم تحت سمرة فعلق بها سيفه ونمنا نومة فإذا رسول الله صلى الله عليه و
سلم يدعونا وإذا عنده أعرابي فقال : [ إن هذا اخترط علي سيفي وأنا نائم فاستيقظت
وهو في يده صلتا قال : من يمنعك مني ؟ قلت : الله ثلاثا ] ولم يعاقبه وجلس . متفق
عليه
وفي رواية قال جابر : كنا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم بذات الرقاع
فإذا أتينا على شجرة ظليلة تركناها لرسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم فجاء رجل من
المشركين وسيف رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم معلق بالشجرة فاخترطه فقال : تخافني ؟
قال [ لا ] فقال : فمن يمنعك مني ؟ قال [ الله ] وفي رواية أبي بكر الإسماعيلي في
صحيحه فقال : من يمنعك مني ؟ قال [ الله ] فسقط السيف من يده فأخذ رسول الله صلى
الله عليه و سلم السيف فقال : [ من يمنعك مني ؟ ] فقال : كن خير آخذ . فقال : [
تشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأني رسول الله ؟ ] قال : لا ولكني أعاهدك أن لا أقاتلك
ولا أكون مع قوم يقاتلونك . فخلى سبيله فأتى أصحابه فقال : جئتكم من عند خير
الناس
قوله [ قفل ] : أي رجع
و [ العضاه ] : الشجر الذي له شوك
و [ السمرة
] بفتح السين وضم الميم : الشجرة من الطلح وهي العظام من شجر العضاه
و [ اخترط
السيف ] أي سله وهو في يده
[ صلتا ] : أي مسلولا . وهو بفتح الصاد
وضمها.
- باب التقوى.
Piety
قال
الله تعالى ( آل عمران 102 ) : { يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله حق تقاته
}
وقال تعالى ( التغابن 16 ) : { فاتقوا الله ما استطعتم }
وهذه الآية مبينة
للمراد من الأولى
وقال الله تعالى ( الأحزاب 70 ) : { يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا
الله وقولوا قولا سديدا }
والآيات في الأمر بالتقوى كثيرة معروفة
وقال تعالى
( الطلاق 2 ، 3 ) : { ومن يتق الله يجعل له مخرجا ويرزقه من حيث لا يحتسب }
وقال
تعالى ( الأنفال 29 ) : { إن تتقوا الله يجعل لكم فرقانا ويكفر عنكم سيئاتكم .
ويغفر لكم والله ذو الفضل العظيم }
والآيات في الباب كثيرة
معلومة.
Allah, the
Exalted, says:
"O you who
believe! Fear Allah as He should be feared". (3:102)
"So, keep your
duty to Allah and fear Him as much as you can...'' (64:16)
This second
Verse explains the meaning of the first one.
"O you who
believe! Keep your duty to Allah and fear Him, and speak (always) the
truth". (33:70)
"... And whosoever
fears Allah and keeps his duty to Him, He will make a way for him to get out
(from every difficulty). And He will provide him from (sources) he never could
imagine...'' (65:2,3)
"If you obey
and fear Allah, He will grant you Furqan [(a criterion to judge between right
and wrong), or (Makhraj, i.e., a way for you to get out from every difficulty)],
and will expiate for you your sins, and forgive you; and Allah is the Owner of
the great bounty". (8:29)
69
- وأما الأحاديث : فالأول عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال قيل : يا رسول الله من
أكرم الناس ؟ قال : [ أتقاهم ] فقالوا : ليس عن هذا نسألك . قال : [ فيوسف نبي الله
بن نبي الله بن نبي الله بن خليل الله ] قالوا : ليس عن هذا نسألك . قال : [ فعن
معادن العرب تسألوني ؟ خيارهم في الجاهلية خيارهم في الإسلام إذا فقهوا ] متفق
عليه
و [ فقهوا ] بضم القاف على المشهور وحكي كسرها : أي علموا أحكام
الشرع.
. 69-
Abu Hurairah
(May Allah be pleased with him) reported: It was asked, "O Messenger
of Allah! Who is the most honourable amongst mankind?'' He (PBUH)
said, "The most
honourable of them is one who is the most pious of them.'' They
said, "We are not
asking about this". He
said, "Then, the
most honourable of men was Yusuf (Joseph), the Prophet of Allah, the son of
Allah's Prophet, who was the son of the Prophet of Allah, who was the son of the
Khalil of Allah (i.e., Ibrahim (PBUH))' They said, "We are not
asking you about this.'' He enquired, "Are you then
asking me about the classes of the Arabs? The best of them in the Pre-Islamic
Period of Ignorance are the best of them in Islam, provided they comprehend the
religious knowledge".
[Al-Bukhari
and Muslim].
Commentary:
We come to know from this Hadith that the families which enjoyed popularity and
prestige for their eminent qualities (like generosity, chivalry, honesty, etc.)
in the pre-Islamic period were also credited for these values after their
acceptance of Islam. But now their respect was qualified with their religious
knowledge and practice. Their capabilities, self-respect and other qualities
were turned towards a different direction. These qualities which were previously
used for paganism were now devoted for Islam.
70
- الثاني عن أبي سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [
إن
الدنيا حلوة خضرة وإن الله مستخلفكم فيها فينظر كيف تعملون فاتقوا الدنيا
واتقوا النساء فإن أول فتنة بني إسرائيل كانت في النساء ] رواه
مسلم.
. 70-
Abu Sa`id
Al-Khudri (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH)
said, "The life of
the world is sweet and green. Allah makes you generations succeeding one another
so that He may try you in respect of your actions. So beware of the beguilements
of the world and those of women. The first trial of Banu Israel was
through women".
[Muslim].
Commentary:
Wealth and property of this world are favourites of everyone like the fresh
fruit which is sweet, delicious and attractive for all. Everyone likes them and
is attracted towards them. The most delicious fruit of this world is woman but
at the same time it is the most baneful. One who inclines towards wealth and
women and ignores the Islamic legal injunctions, has at stake both his Deen and
Faith; and one who benefits from them keeping oneself within the bounds of
Islam, would be safe from their ruinous effects.
71
- الثالث عن ابن مسعود رضي الله عنه أن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم كان يقول : [
اللهم إني أسألك الهدى والتقى والعفاف والغنى ] رواه
مسلم.
. `71-
Abdullah bin
Mas`ud (May Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (PBUH) used to
say: "Allahumma
inni as'alukal-huda wat-tuqa wal-`afafa wal-ghina (O Allah! I ask You for
guidance, piety, chastity and self-sufficiency)".
[Muslim].
Commentary:
This Hadith contains four words, the meanings and implications of which
constitute its essence. These words are guidance, piety (fear of Allah),
chastity and sufficiency. Guidance here means guidance at every turn of life and
steadfastness on the path of truth. Fear of Allah is the greatest means of piety
and strongest defense against sins. Chastity is the state of being free from
what is unlawful. Self-sufficiency is the antonym of poverty and here it means
the self-contentment. What it implies is that one should not care for what
people possess. In view of all these qualities, the prayer of the Prophet (PBUH)
mentioned in this Hadith is very comprehensive and valuable.
72
- الرابع عن أبي طريف عدي بن حاتم الطائي رضي الله عنه قال سمعت رسول الله صلى الله
عليه و سلم يقول : [ من حلف على يمين ثم رأى أتقى لله منها فليأت التقوى ] رواه
مسلم .
. `72-
Adi bin Hatim
At-Ta'i (May Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah
(PBUH) say: "He who has
taken an oath (to do something) but found something else better than that (which
brings him closer to Allah), then he should do that which is better in piety
(and he should expiate for the breaking of oath)".
[Muslim].
Commentary:
This Hadith emphasizes the importance of having the fear of Allah. So much so
that if somebody has made a vow to commit some sin he should break it, arrange
for its expiation and keep himself away from that sin or any other act that
contravenes the fear of Allah.
73
- الخامس عن أبي أمامة صدي بن عجلان الباهلي رضي الله عنه قال سمعت رسول الله صلى
الله عليه و سلم يخطب في حجة الوداع فقال : [ اتقوا الله وصلوا خمسكم وصوموا شهركم
وأدوا زكاة أموالكم وأطيعوا أمراءكم تدخلوا جنة ربكم ] رواه الترمذي في آخر كتاب
الصلاة وقال حديث حسن صحيح.
. 73-
Abu Umamah
(May Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard Messenger of Allah (PBUH) during
the sermon of the Farewell Pilgrimage saying, "Be mindful of
your duty to Allah; perform your five daily Salat, observe Saum during the month
(of Ramadan) , pay the Zakat on your properties and obey your leaders; (if you
do so) you will enter the Jannah of your Rubb".
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary:
The word Wada`, means to say farewell. The Farewell Pilgrimage was the last
pilgrimage, the Prophet (PBUH) performed, and on this occasion he bade farewell
to the people and for this reason it came to be known as Hajjat-ul-Wada`.
Obedience of the rulers is stressed but it is conditional, that is to say, they
are to be obeyed only if their orders are not against the injunctions of Allah.
Similarly, their obedience is obligatory till such time that they do not do
anything which amounts to open disbelief. If any of these two things occurs,
then no obedience would be due to them
.
7
- باب اليقين والتوكل
Firm
Belief and Perfect Reliance on Allah
قال
الله تعالى ( الأحزاب 22 ) : { ولما رأى المؤمنون الأحزاب قالوا هذا ما وعدنا الله
ورسوله وصدق الله ورسوله وما زادهم إلا إيمانا وتسليما }
وقال تعالى ( آل عمران
173 ، 174 ) : { الذين قال لهم الناس إن الناس قد جمعوا لكم فاخشوهم فزادهم إيمانا
وقالوا : حسبنا الله ونعم الوكيل . فانقلبوا بنعمة من الله وفضل لم يمسسهم سوء
واتبعوا رضوان الله والله ذو فضل عظيم }
وقال تعالى ( الفرقان 58 ) : { وتوكل
على الحي الذي لا يموت }
وقال تعالى ( إبراهيم 11 ) : { وعلى الله فليتوكل
المؤمنون }
وقال تعالى ( آل عمران 159 ) : { فإذا عزمت فتوكل على الله
}
والآيات في الأمر بالتوكل كثيرة معلومة
وقال تعالى ( الطلاق 3 ) : { ومن
يتوكل على الله فهو حسبه } : أي كافيه
وقال تعالى ( الأنفال 2 ) : { إنما
المؤمنون الذين إذا ذكر الله وجلت قلوبهم وإذا تليت عليهم آياته زادتهم إيمانا وعلى
ربهم يتوكلون }
والآيات في فضل التوكل كثيرة معروفة
Allah, the
Exalted, says:
"And when the
believers saw Al-Ahzab (the Confederates), they said: 'This is what Allah and
His Messenger (Muhammad (PBUH)) had promised us, and Allah and His Messenger
(Muhammad (PBUH)) had spoken the truth, and it only added to their Faith and to
their submissiveness (to Allah)". (33:22)
"Those (i.e.,
believers) unto whom the people (hypocrites) said, `Verily, the people (pagans)
have gathered against you (a great army), therefore, fear them.' But it (only)
increased them in Faith, and they said: `Allah (Alone) is Sufficient for us, and
He is the Best Disposer of affairs (for us)'. So they returned with grace and
bounty from Allah. No harm touched them; and they followed the good Pleasure of
Allah. And Allah is the Owner of great bounty". (3:173,174)
"And put your
trust (O Muhammad (PBUH)) in the Ever Living One Who dies not.''
(25:58)
"And in Allah
(Alone) let the believers, put their trust.'' (14:11)
"... Then when you
have taken a decision, put your trust in Allah...'' (3:159)
"And whosoever
puts his trust in Allah, then He will suffice him". (65:3)
"The believers
are only those who, when Allah is mentioned, feel a fear in their hearts; and
when His Verses (this Qur'an) are recited unto them, they (i.e., the Verses)
increase their Faith; and they put their trust in their Rubb (Alone).''
(8:2)
وأما
الأحاديث :
74
- فالأول عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وعلى آله
وسلم : [ عرضت على الأمم فرأيت النبي ومعه الرهيط والنبي ومعه الرجل والرجلان
والنبي ليس معه أحد إذ رفع لي سواد عظيم فظننت أنهم أمتي فقيل لي : هذا موسى وقومه
ولكن انظر إلى الأفق . فنظرت فإذا سواد عظيم فقيل لي : انظر إلى الأفق الآخر فإذا
سواد عظيم فقيل لي : هذه أمتك ومعهم سبعون ألفا يدخلون الجنة بغير حساب ولا عذاب .
ثم نهض فدخل منزله فخاض الناس في أولئك الذين يدخلون الجنة بغير حساب ولا عذاب .
فقال بعضهم : فلعلهم الذين صحبوا رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم وقال بعضهم :
فلعلهم الذين ولدوا في الإسلام فلم يشركوا بالله شيئا وذكروا أشياء فخرج عليهم رسول
الله صلى الله عليه و سلم فقال : [ ما الذي تخوضون فيه ؟ ] فأخبروه فقال : [ هم
الذين لا يرقون ولا يسترقون ولا يتطيرون وعلى ربهم يتوكلون ] فقام عكاشة بن محصن
فقال : ادع الله أن يجعلني منهم . فقال : [ أنت منهم ] ثم قام رجل آخر فقال : ادع
الله أن يجعلني منهم . فقال : [ سبقك بها عكاشة ] متفق عليه
[ الرهيط ] بضم
الراء : تصغير رهط : وهم دون العشرة أنفس
و [ الأفق ] : الناحية والجانب
و [
عكاشة ] بضم العين وتشديد الكاف وبتخفيفها والتشديد أفصح
74.
Ibn `Abbas
(May Allah be pleased with them) reported: Messenger of Allah (PBUH)
said, "I was shown
the past nations. I saw a Prophet who had a very small group (less than ten in
total) with him, another Prophet who was accompanied by only one or two men and
some did not have even one. Suddenly I was shown a huge crowd and I thought that
they were my Ummah, but I was told: 'This is Musa (Moses) and his people, but
look towards the other side.' I looked and beheld a great assemblage. I was
told: 'These are your people and amongst them there are seventy thousand who
shall enter Jannah without being taken to account or torment". Then the
Prophet (PBUH) stood up and went into his apartment, and the Companions began to
guess who may be those people who would enter Jannah without any accounting or
torment. Some said: "Probably,
they are the ones who kept company with Messenger of Allah (PBUH)". Others
said: "Probably,
they are the ones who have been born as Muslims and have never associated anyone
with Allah in worship". Then
Messenger of Allah (PBUH) came out and asked, "What are you
discussing?'' So they told him. He then said, "They are
those who do not make Ruqyah (blowing over themselves after reciting the Qur'an
or some prayers and supplications the Prophet (PBUH) used to say) nor seek it,
nor perceive omens (i.e., they are not pessimistic) but keep trust in their Rubb
(Allah).'' On this 'Ukashah bin Mihsan stood up and asked: "Pray to Allah
to make me one of them.'' The Prophet (PBUH) said, "You are one
of them.'' Then another man stood up and asked the same thing. The Prophet
(PBUH) answered, "'Ukashah has
surpassed you".
[Al-Bukhari
and Mulsim].
Commentary:
1. This Hadith
mentions the importance of faith in Allah, inducement for having trust in Him
and the distinction of people who have these qualities.
2. Although the
practice of blowing over someone after reciting the Qur'an or supplications of
the Prophet (PBUH) and medical treatment are permissible but they who avoid them
because of their extreme trust in Allah and save themselves from bad omen, enjoy
a distinguished position.
3. These
conditions of various communities were shown to the Prophet (PBUH) in dreams for
the dreams of the Prophets reflect the truth, or by means of Revelation, or he
had witnessed them in the event of Isra (the Night Journey) of the Prophet
(PBUH).
4. The followers
of the Prophet (PBUH) exceed the followers of other Prophets in
number.
75
- الثاني عن ابن عباس أيضا رضي الله عنهما أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم كان
يقول : [ اللهم لك أسلمت بك آمنت وعليك توكلت وإليك أنبت وبك خاصمت اللهم أعوذ
بعزتك لا إله إلا أنت أن تضلني أنت الحي الذي لا تموت والجن الإنس يموتون ] متفق
عليه . وهذا لفظ مسلم واختصره البخاري
75.
Ibn `Abbas
(May Allah be pleased with them) reported that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH)
used to supplicate: "O Allah! To
You I have submitted, and in You do I believe, and in You I put my trust, to You
do I turn, and for You I argued. O Allah, I seek refuge with You through Your
Power; there is none worthy of worship except You Alone; that You safeguard me
against going astray. You are the Ever Living, the One Who sustains and protects
all that exists; the One Who never dies, whereas human beings and jinn will all
die".
[Al-Bukhari
and Muslim].
76
- الثالث عن ابن عباس أيضا رضي الله عنه قال : [ حسبنا الله ونعم الوكيل قالها
إبراهيم عليه السلام حين ألقي في النار وقالها محمد صلى الله عليه و سلم حين قالوا
: إن الناس قد جمعوا لكم فاخشوهم فزادهم إيمانا وقالوا حسبنا الله ونعم الوكيل ]
رواه البخاري
وفي رواية له عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال : [ كان آخر قول
إبراهيم صلى الله عليه و سلم حين ألقي في النار [ حسبي الله ونعم الوكيل
]
76.
Ibn `Abbas
(May Allah be pleased with them) said: When (Prophet) Ibrahim (Abraham) was
thrown into the fire, he said: "Allah (Alone)
is sufficient for us, and, He is the Best Disposer of affairs.'' So did
Messenger of Allah Muhammad (PBUH) when he was told: "A great army
of the pagans had gathered against him, so fear them". But this
(warning) only increased him and the Muslims in Faith and they
said: "Allah (Alone)
is sufficient for us, and He is the Best Disposer of affairs (for
us)".
[Al-Bukhari].
Commentary:
Even in the worst circumstances one should always have faith and trust in
Allah.
77
- الرابع عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ يدخل
الجنة أقوام أفئدتهم مثل أفئدة الطير ] رواه مسلم
قيل معناه : متوكلون . وقيل :
قلوبهم رقيقة
77.
Abu Hurairah
(May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH)
said, "A group of
people (both men and women) whose hearts will be like the hearts of birds, will
enter Jannah".
[Muslim].
It has been
interpreted that such people are those who put their trust in Allah; another
interpretation is that these people are tender-hearted.
Commentary:
1. Excellence of
trust in Allah and kindness of heart are most valuable qualities because both of
them are means to enter Jannah.
2. One should
not worry much about one's food and means of subsistence. In fact, people should
have the heart like birds who do not collect to keep in reserve anything and go
out every morning in search of food and return to their nests fully satiated.
This advice is repeated in another Hadith to the effect that when birds leave
their nests in the morning they are hungry but when they come back, their
stomachs are full and they do not need any more food.
78
- الخامس عن جابر رضي الله عنه أنه غزا مع النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قبل نجد فلما
قفل رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم قفل معهم فأدركتهم القائلة في واد كثير العضاه
فنزل رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم وتفرق الناس يستظلون بالشجر ونزل رسول الله صلى
الله عليه و سلم تحت سمرة فعلق بها سيفه ونمنا نومة فإذا رسول الله صلى الله عليه و
سلم يدعونا وإذا عنده أعرابي فقال : [ إن هذا اخترط علي سيفي وأنا نائم فاستيقظت
وهو في يده صلتا قال : من يمنعك مني ؟ قلت : الله ثلاثا ] ولم يعاقبه وجلس . متفق
عليه
وفي رواية قال جابر : كنا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم بذات الرقاع
فإذا أتينا على شجرة ظليلة تركناها لرسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم فجاء رجل من
المشركين وسيف رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم معلق بالشجرة فاخترطه فقال : تخافني ؟
قال [ لا ] فقال : فمن يمنعك مني ؟ قال [ الله ] وفي رواية أبي بكر الإسماعيلي في
صحيحه فقال : من يمنعك مني ؟ قال [ الله ] فسقط السيف من يده فأخذ رسول الله صلى
الله عليه و سلم السيف فقال : [ من يمنعك مني ؟ ] فقال : كن خير آخذ . فقال : [
تشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأني رسول الله ؟ ] قال : لا ولكني أعاهدك أن لا أقاتلك
ولا أكون مع قوم يقاتلونك . فخلى سبيله فأتى أصحابه فقال : جئتكم من عند خير
الناس
قوله [ قفل ] : أي رجع
و [ العضاه ] : الشجر الذي له شوك
و [ السمرة
] بفتح السين وضم الميم : الشجرة من الطلح وهي العظام من شجر العضاه
و [ اخترط
السيف ] أي سله وهو في يده
[ صلتا ] : أي مسلولا . وهو بفتح الصاد
وضمها.
